全遮挡导流支板对排气系统红外特性的影响

为了降低末级涡轮转子对排气系统尾向红外(IR)辐射贡献,对涡轮后导流支板进行低红外特征结构设计,通过模型试验的方法研究了基准轴对称排气系统和不同支板冷却状态的全遮挡导流支板(FSGS)排气系统的红外特性。研究结果表明:全遮挡导流支板表面温度低于末级涡轮表面温度,但全遮挡导流支板结构会使下游隔热屏和喷管壁面温度明显升高;全遮挡导流支板对排气系统尾向0~10°角域红外辐射有较好的抑制作用,正尾向红外辐射强度比基准轴对称排气系统低13.9%;支板壁面气膜冷能进一步降低排气系统尾向0~10°角域内的红外辐射强度,支板冷却气密流比(BR)为0.5、0.7和0.9时,全遮挡导流支板排气系统0°方向的红外辐射强度的降幅分别为18.1%、25.8%和34.5%。因此,带气膜冷却的全遮挡导流支板是抑制末级涡轮对排气系统红外辐射贡献的一种非常有效的手段。     

基于DS算法的混胺燃料近红外光谱分析模型传递

对混胺燃料的近红外光谱分析模型的传递方法进行研究。采用 K/S(Kennard/Stone)算法选择转换集样品,采摘用直接校正(Direct Standardization,DS)算法对从仪器采集的光谱进行校正。通过光谱平均差异(ARMS)比较奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)算法和偏最小二乘法(Partial Least Squares,PLS)对光谱校正的效果。当 PLS算法的最佳主因子数为 3时,DS-PLS算法的光谱校正率可达到 97.5%,优于 DS-SVD算法。混胺样品的分析模型经过 DS-PLS算法传递后,对从仪器的混胺样品各项指标的预测标准偏差(SEP)明显好于传递前,与主仪器预测效果接近,说明采用 K/S算法选择合适的转换集样品后,通过 DS-PLS模型传递算法可有效降低仪器间的光谱差异,实现近红外光谱分析模型在各台光谱仪之间共享。     

SF6分解气的近红外在线检测技术研究

为满足SF6绝缘电气设备故障监测与预警的实际需求,分析了国内分解气检测研究现状.对比近红外与中红外吸收光谱检测技术,提出近红外吸收光谱技术在线检测的技术方案.计算分析待测气体特征谱线的吸收系数、吸收光程和电路信噪比对精度的影响,完成系统参数设计.提出SF6分解气在线检测系统方案,实现对H2S、HF和CO这3种气体测量.数据分析表明,系统检测精度优于5×10-7,表明该系统满足电力行业在线测量的需求.     

循环吸湿对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对炭纤维增强复合材料进行70、85、100℃下的循环水浸吸湿试验,研究了复合材料在不同水浸温度下的吸湿-脱湿行为规律。同时,对循环吸湿-脱湿过程中的试样进行层间剪切强度测试和动态力学性能测试,并结合扫描电镜观察循环吸湿各个阶段的纤维基体结合状态。结果表明,水浸温度越高,水分的扩散速率越快,饱和吸湿率越大。经过循环吸湿后复合材料的吸湿行为仍满足Fick第二定律,吸湿后层间剪切强度下降,湿热循环次数越多下降的越明显。脱湿后层间剪切强度有所恢复,水浸温度越高造成的不可逆破坏越大,层间剪切强度恢复的越少。干态时的玻璃化转变温度为231℃,吸湿后下降了37℃。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

多孔介质隔热材料中的辐射热传递分析

新型的多孔材料以其重量轻、强度高备受航天工程设计人员的亲睐,尤其是作为隔热材料使用,可以说是航天工程热防护系统的热门材料.多孔介质在辐射热传递方面具有吸收发射和散射的功能,这些功能在其接受外来热流的作用下,于内部达到热能量平衡,求解这一平衡方程就可以求出辐射热流在材料中的分布.由于求解这一方程的困难,许多学者对材料特性...     

填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝及其吸能性能

以尿素为造孔剂,采用填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝,系统研究了成型烧结温度、孔隙率和孔径大小对泡沫铝吸能性能的影响,在此过程中采用电子万能试验机和数字图像相关(DIC)技术同步测试分析。结果表明:填加造孔剂法可以良好的控制泡沫铝的孔隙率和孔径;泡沫铝的最佳成型烧结温度为650℃,在此温度下,泡沫铝的压缩屈服强度达到10.7 MPa;随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫铝的屈服强度和平台应力逐渐提高,材料吸能性能有显著增强;当孔径小于2.0 mm时,随着孔径的增大,材料的吸能性能小幅提高。DIC技术可以直观的表征泡沫材料力学行为,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

多功能水冷壁排管爬壁机器人的研制

介绍了一种新研制开发的永磁吸附式双履带结构爬壁机器人，主要应用于火力发电站的大型排管锅炉中的水冷壁排管壁面的清扫和检测，并能够在检测到壁面厚度小于预置的极限值处发出报警信号、打标记，具有较高的推广应用价值。文中阐述了该机器人的结构、磁路的优化设计、自动测厚、打标系统和控制系统的研制。目前，该机器人已经经过多次现场试验。各项指标均已达到设计要求。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of Spectral Line Profiles in Polar Coronal Holes

Ultraviolet emission line profiles have been measured on 15-29 September 1997 for H I 1216 Å, O VI 1032, 1037 Å and Mg X 625 Å in a polar coronal hole, at heliographic heights ? (in solar radii) between 1.34 and 2.0. Observations of H I 1216 Å and the O VI doublet from January 1997 for ? = 1.5 to 3.0 are provided for comparison. Mg X 625 Å is observed to have a narrow component at ? = 1.34 which accounts for only a small fraction of the observed spectral radiance, and a broad component that exists at all observed heights. The widths of O VI broad components are only slightly larger than those for H I at ? = 1.34, but are significantly larger at ? = 1.5 and much larger for ? > 1.75. In contrast, the Mg X values are less than those of H I up to 1.75 and then increase rapidly up to at least ? = 2.0, but never reach the values of O VI.     

Spectroscopic Constraints on Models of Ion-cyclotron Resonance Heating in the Polar Solar Corona

Using empirical velocity distributions derived from UVCS and SUMER ultraviolet spectroscopy, we construct theoretical models of anisotropic ion temperatures in the polar solar corona. The primary energy deposition mechanism we investigate is the dissipation of high frequency (10-10000 Hz) ion-cyclotron resonant Alfvén waves which can heat and accelerate ions differently depending on their charge and mass. We find that it is possible to explain the observed high perpendicular temperatures and strong anisotropies with relatively small amplitudes for the resonant waves. There is suggestive evidence for steepening of the Alfvén wave spectrum between the coronal base and the largest heights observed spectroscopically. Because the ion-cyclotron wave dissipation is rapid, even for minor ions like O⁵⁺, the observed extended heating seems to demand a constantly replenished population of waves over several solar radii. This indicates that the waves are generated gradually throughout the wind rather than propagated up from the base of the corona. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.